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Family members

Vyacheslav Kushnir ZPL-22-1

Learning to name your family members in English is usually one of the first lessons in any English language course. Why? Because it’s such a common, day-to-day vocabulary that you simply won’t be able to do without it!

Knowing the English terms for family will come in handy in many situations. For example:

  • When you’re meeting someone for the first time, and they start asking you questions about family to get to know you better,
  • When you introduce your partner to your family,
  • During family dinners and gatherings,
  • When you need to get in touch with relatives from an English-speaking country,
  • When you decide to open up about your family matters to a trusted friend or therapist.

    • If you think you need to brush up on this vocabulary, this comprehensive guide to family members will help you do just that.

Family in English

Before we share how to say mom or brother in English, let’s focus on the word “family.”

The word “family” appeared in the English language in the 15th century, deriving from the Latin word “familia,” meaning “a household.” Therefore, “family” describes a group of people living under the same roof and forming a household. However, it has evolved to mean something much deeper - the people who love you and care for you unconditionally. And while we usually use this term to refer to our parents, siblings, or cousins, who we call family doesn’t have to be related to us by blood.

Immediate family members in English If you’ve been wondering how to say father or sister in English, wonder no more. Here’s a list of the immediate family members in English.


English
IPA
Pronunciation for native speakers

Mom
/ ˈmɑːm /
mAHm

Dad
/ ˈdæd /
dAd

Mother
/ ˈmʌðr̩ /
mUHTHUHR

Father
/ ˈfɑːðr̩ /
fAHTHUHR

Parents
/ ˈperənts /
pEUHRUHnts

Sister
/ ˈsɪstər /
sIstUH

Brother
/ ˈbrʌðr̩ /
brUHTHUHR

Siblings
/ ˈsɪblɪŋz /
sibluhngs

Daughter
/ ˈdɒtər /
dAWtUH

Son
/ ˈsən /
sUHn

Children
/ ˈtʃɪldrən /
chIldrUHn

Wife
/ ˈwaɪf /
wIEf

Husband
/ ˈhʌzbənd /
hUHzbUHnd

Extended family in English

If you have a big family (lucky you!), or you’re creating your family tree, here’s a table with more family members you’ll find useful.


English
IPA
Context

Aunt
/ ˈænt /
Your mom’s or dad’s sister

Uncle
/ ˈʌŋkl̩ /
Your mom’s or dad’s brother

Great-aunt
/ ˌgreɪt ˈænt /
Your grandmother’s or grandfather’s sister

Great-uncle
/ ˌgreɪt ˈʌŋkl̩ /
Your grandmother’s or grandfather’s brother

Niece
/ ˈniːs /
Your sister’s or brother’s daughter

Nephew
/ ˈnefjuː /
Your sister’s or brother’s son

Female cousin
/ ˈfiːˌmel ˈkʌzn̩ /
Your aunt’s or uncle’s daughter

Male cousin
/ ˈmeɪl ˈkʌzn̩ /
Your aunt’s or uncle’s son

Grandmother
/ ˈɡræn ˌmʌðr̩ /
Your mom’s or dad’s mother

Grandfather
/ ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər /
Your mom’s or dad’s father

Grandparents
/ ˈɡrændˌperənts /
The parents of your parents

Great-grandmother
/ ˌgreɪt ˈɡræn ˌmʌðr̩ /
Your mom’s or dad’s grandmother

Great-grandfather
/ ˌgreɪt ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər /
Your mom’s or dad’s grandfather

Great-grandparents
/ ˌgreɪt ˈɡrændˌperənts /
The parents of your grandparents

Great-great-grandmother
/ ˌgreɪt ˌgreɪt ˈɡræn ˌmʌðr̩ /
Your grandmother’s or grandfather’s mother

Great-great-grandfather
/ ˌgreɪt ˌgreɪt ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər /
Your grandmother’s or grandfather’s father

Great-great-grandparents
/ ˌgreɪt ˌgreɪt ˈɡrændˌperənts /
The grandparents of your grandparents

Family members by marriage - Step and in-laws


English
IPA
Context

Stepmom
/ step ˈmɑːm /
Your dad’s wife who isn’t your biological mom

Stepdad
/ step ˈdæd /
Your mom’s husband who isn’t your biological father

Step-sister
/ step ˈsɪstər /
Your stepmom’s or stepdad’s daughter

Step-brother
/ step ˈbrʌðr̩ /
Your stepmom’s or stepdad’s son

Mother-in-law
/ ˈmʌðər ɪn ˌlɔ: /
Your wife’s or husband’s mother

Father-in-law
/ fɑ:ðər ɪn ˌlɔ: /
Your wife’s or husband’s father

Parents-in-law
/ ˈperənts ɪn ˈlɑː /
Your wife’s or husband’s parents

Daughter-in-law
/ ˈdɔ:tər ɪn ˌlɔ: /
Your wife’s or husband’s daughter

Son-in-law
/ ˈsʌn ɪn ˌlɔ: /
Your wife’s or husband’s son


Other family-related terms in English

Here are a few more common family-related terms in English that you might find helpful in a conversation about family.


English
IPA
Context

Adopted
/ əˈdɑːptəd /
Taken in by a foster family

Surrogate
/ ˈsɜːrəɡət /
A woman who gives birth to a child for another woman or couple

Twins
/ ˈtwɪnz /
Two children born at the same birth

Triplets
/ ˈtrɪpləts /
Three children born at the same birth

Spouse
/ ˈspaʊs /
Wife or husband

Partner
/ ˈpɑːrtnər /
Wife or husband, or boyfriend or girlfriend

De facto partner
/ di ˈfæktoʊ ˈpɑːrtnər /
A partner you live with but aren’t married to

Engaged
/ enˈɡeɪdʒd /
Two people who agreed to marry each other are “engaged”

Married
/ ˈmerid /
Two people who had an official wedding are “married”

Separated
/ ˈsepəˌretəd /
In a relationship or marriage but not currently together

Divorced
/ dɪˈvɔːrst /
Not married anymore

Widow
/ ˈwɪdoʊ /
The woman whose husband died and has not remarried

Widower
/ ˈwɪdoʊər /
The man whose wife died and has not remarried

Foster mom
/ ˈfɒstə ˈmɑːm /
The woman who adopted you

Foster dad
/ ˈfɒstə ˈdæd /
The man who adopted you

Foster child
/ ˈfɒstə tʃaɪld /
The adopted child

Godmother
/ ˈɡɑːdˌməðər /
The woman who assists at the child’s baptism

Godfather
/ ˈɡɑːdˌfɑːðər /
The man who assists at the child’s baptism

Godson
/ ˈɡɒdsʌn /
The male kid the godparents are responsible for

Goddaughter
/ ˈɡɒd dɔːrtər /
The female kid the godparents are responsible for

Baby
/ ˈbeɪbi /
Newborn human

Toddler
/ ˈtɑːdlər /
A young child who’s beginning to walk

Tween
/ ˈtwiːn /
A preadolescent; a child between 10 and 13 years old

Teenager
/ ˈtiːˌnedʒər /
A person between 11 and 19 years old

Adult
/ əˈdəlt /
A person over 18 years old (21 in some countries)

Relative
/ ˈrelətɪv /
A family member related to you by blood or marriage

Ancestors
/ ˈænˌsestərz /
Long gone family members that you descend from

Generation
/ ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn̩ /
All the people who were born roughly at the same time, collectively-speaking

Youngest child
/ ˈjʌŋɡəst ˈtʃaɪld /
The youngest child in the family

Middle child
/ ˌmɪdl ˈtʃaɪld /
Usually, the second child in the family

Eldest child
/ ˈeldəst ˈtʃaɪld /
The oldest child in the family

Only child
/ ˈəʊnli tʃaɪld /
Someone who doesn’t have siblings

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