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Exercise 17. Read the following passages about two companies. Decide which of the
headlines goes with which passage:
Planning and Building for Over 150 years
Pioneering Tomorrow’s Electronics
1. Over the decades the name of Siemens has become synonymous
with progress. Since 1847, when Werner Siemens and Johann Georg
Halske founded the Siemens & Halske Telegraph Construction
Company in Berlin, the history of Siemens has been closely linked with
the development of electrical engineering. While still a fledgling
firm, Siemens & Halske spearheaded the evolution of
telegraphy with the first pointer telegraph and the construction of an
extensive telegraph network. In 1866 Werner Siemens invented the
dynamo machine, laying the cornerstone of power engineering. New ideas are an old tradition of Siemens. The company that grew out of the original
Siemens & Halske is today a highly innovative leader in the world electrical and
electronics market. Composed of Siemens AG and an array of domestic and foreign
subsidiaries, the contemporary Siemens organization continues to set milestones on the
road of progress.
Siemens maintains its own production facilities in more than 50 countries and operates
a worldwide sales network. With more than 300,000 employees, it is one of the largest
companies in the world electrical/electronics industry, having recorded annual sales of
DM 82 billion in the 1992/93 fiscal year. Reliable and farsighted management is united
with the youthful dynamism and zest for innovation that typify the company.
2. In 1849, Johann Philipp Holzmann founded a company in Sprendlingen, near
Frankfurt am Main, which initially undertook work in connection with the construction of
the railroads, but very quickly expanded its activities to include all fields of building
construction and civil engineering. The first major foreign project was started in 1882,
with the contract for Amsterdam’s Central Station.
By the turn of the century, branch offices and regional offices had been established at
numerous locations throughout Germany. As early as 1885, Holzmann had more than
5,000 employees. Interesting activities from this period include the company’s work on
the Baghdad railroad and railroad projects in East Africa.
Holzmann has passed through all forms of
company organization, from individual proprietorship via
a limited and general partnership through to a
GmbH (limited liability company). The Philipp
Holzmann Aktiengesellschaft (public
limited company) was formed in 1917. Companies
founded by Holzmann were active in South America.
Even following the losses of manpower and assets during the Second World War,
Holzmann was able, as early as 1950, to recommence its foreign activities. 1979 saw the
acquisition of J.A. Jones Construction Company, of Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, a
major American corporation active in the construction field. This was followed in 1981
by the purchase of Lockwood Green Engineers, Inc., Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA.
Together with its USA subsidiaries Holzmann has responded to the changes occurring in
the construction industry with a flexible and versatile corporate strategy.
The takeover in early 1989 of the Steinmüller Group, one of Germany’s leading
companies in the sectors of power engineering, process engineering and environmental
protection demonstrates this.
A Describing companies
Ex.1. Fill in the tables below with the different word forms.
Verb (describing an activity) Noun (for the company that is involved in this activity) Noun (for the activity or sector that a company is involved in)
to manufacture manufacturer manufacture/manufacturing
producer
to export export
designer
to distribute
supply
to provide provision
trader
publication/publishing
importer
to retail retail/retailing
to manage
insurer insurance
to market marketing company, marketer (less frequent)
to sell by wholesale/by the gross/in bulk wholesale/wholesaling
Ex.2. Fill in the blanks with the correct noun or verb from the above table.
1. (manufacture) The company is a car ____________ in the USA.
2. (retail) Chopard is in the jewellery ____________ business.
3. (import) Europacific Ltd ____________ European shoes into Asian countries.
4. (export) This company is an ____________ of men’s sportswear.
5. (design) Our company is a leading website ____________ .
6. (publish) He works for the company that ____________ reference books.
7. (distribute) European __________ is handled from our centre in the Netherlands.
8. (manage) ____________ consulting is aimed at helping organizations improve their performance.
9. (market) She works in sales and ____________ .
10. ( insure) Allianz is the world’s number two ____________ .
Ex.3. Match these well-known company names with their activities. Use these words in sentences to describe what different companies do.
design of computer software
publishing
manufacture of consumer electronics
motor car manufacture
computer hardware manufacture
retailing of foods and consumer products
advertising
oil production
broadcasting and Internet IBM
Microsoft
Sony
Toyota
The Economist Group
Walmart
Aegis Group
BP Corporation
Ukrtelecom
Ex.6. Ask and answer questions about the following companies.
IBM Corporation – Computer hardware, software, IT services and consulting. Founded in June 1911. Headquartes – Armonk, New York, U.S. Area served – worldwide. Employees – 431,212 (2013).
SONY Corporation – Founded 7 May 1946. Headquarters – Minato, Tokyo. Area served – worldwide. Products – consumer electronics, telecommunications, communication & information equipment, films, television, music. Services – financial services, insurance, banking, credit finance and advertising agency. Employees – 146,300 (2013).
Nestlé – Food processing. Founded in 1866. Headquarters – Vevey, Switzerland. Operation – 86 countries around the world. Products – Baby food, coffee, dairy products, breakfast cereals, confectionery, bottled water, ice cream, pet foods. Employees – 333,000 (2013).
FCB – Advertising agency. Founded in 1873 (as Lord & Thomas). Headquarters – New York, Chicago. Number of locations – 96 countries. Services – Marketing communications. Employees – 8,600 (2013).
Ex.7. The following nouns are useful to describe large companies and their parts.
Agency, parent company, enterprise, headquarters, plant, subsidiary, group of companies, branch, department, factory, main office, production facility, warehouse, chain, business, distribution centre, firm, office, multinational, conglomerate, franchise, company, division, head office, sister company, section
Group together the words with similar meaning from the above list.
Model: a company - a business, a firm, an enterprise
a factory -
a warehouse -
a subsidiary -
the head office -
a department -
a multinational -
Ex.9. Search for information about a few companies. Prepare to give a short presentation on any of them. The following phrases will help you to order the information.
Introducing yourself Hello. My name is …, and I’d like to welcome you to my presentation. I’m going to tell you about…
Informing the audience about the structure of the presentation My presentation consists of … parts.
I’ll begin with…
Then, I’ll tell you about …
I’ll also look at …
Finally, I’ll inform you of…
Moving from one point to another To start with, I’d like to mention …
Now, I’ll move on to …
As I said before, …
In conclusion, I’d like to say …
Concluding Thank you for your attention. If you have any questions, I’ll be glad to answer them.
B Describing jobs
Remember:
people work for or at a company
they work in an industry, department or team
they are responsible for other staff and for (doing) their work
they are in charge of (managing) other staff
they are responsible to or accountable to their boss/manager
Ex. 10. Read and memorise the following sentences.
I’m a sales manager.
(I’m the Chief Executive Officer)
I work for ATT.
I’m in marketing/banking/insurance.
I’m responsible for handling all projects.
I’m in public relations. I’m in charge of handling the external face of our company to the media and community.
I’m accountable to the General Manager.
Ex.11. Complete the following dialogues.
1) A So, who do you work _____?
B WordStar.
A They’re _____ computers, aren’t they?
B That’s right. I’m _____ product manager. What about you?
A I work _____ Bechtel.
B So you’re _____ the construction business?
A Yes, I’m _____ engineer.
2) А So, you're here on business?
В Yeah. I work _____ a consulting company, Santa Partners.
А And what do you do?
В I'm _____ leading consultant. I’m responsible _____ providing advice and training on the development, administration, and technical aspects.And what company do you work _____ ?
А Inex Chemicals. I'm _____ analyst. My job is to coordinate quality related data from production, service, or process improvement activities.
Ex.12. Read the text and complete the organizational chart of the company.
I think we have a fairly typical organization for a manufacturing firm. We're divided into Finance, Production, Marketing and Human Resources departments.
The Human Resources department is the simplest. It consists of two sections. One is responsible for recruitment and personnel matters, the other is in charge of training.
The Marketing department is made up of three sections: Sales, Sales Promotion, and Advertising, whose heads are all accountable to the marketing manager.
The Production department consists of five sections. The first of these is Production Control, which is in charge of both Scheduling and Materials Control. Then there's Purchasing, Manufacturing, Quality Control, and Engineering Support. Manufacturing contains three sections: Tooling, Assembly, and Fabrication.
Finance is composed of two sections: Financial Management, which is responsible for capital requirements, fund control, and credit, and Accounting.
Ex.14. Look at these words which are often found in job titles.
Senior Sales Director
Assistant Managing Manager
Vice Personnel Assistant
Deputy Marketing Accountant
Executive Human Resources Development Officer
Personal Financial Controller
Chief Customer Services Executive
Head of Accounts Secretary
Director of IT Technician
Assistant to Public relations Advisor
These words can be combined in different ways to describe different jobs:
Personal Assistant to the Managing Director
Senior Sales Executive
Sales Assistant
Customer Services Manager
Personnel Officer
Head of Human Resources Development
Ex.15. Think about a job you would like to have in the future. Practise explaining your “job” to a visitor or a new colleague. Use the following notes:
I work for __________.
I’m the/a __________.
I’m responsible for __________.
I’m in charge of __________.
TEST YOURSELF
Test 1
Directions: Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Wages and salaries account for nearly three fourth of the total national
A B C
income generated in the United States annually.
D
2. Farmers use chemicals on fruits and vegetables, and some of these
A B C
chemicals are very poisonous.
D
3. Mumps are a very common disease which usually affects children.
A B C D
4. The Lake Erie is one of the five Great Lakes in North America.
A B C D
5. Comets are apparently the more numerous bodies in the solar system
A B C
except for small meteor fragments.
D
6. Vitamin E, which is found in nutritious foods such as green vegetables
A B
and whole grains, action as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
C D
7. Fast-food restaurants have become popular because many working people
A B C
want to eat quick and cheap.
D
8. Staying in a hotel costs twice more than renting a room in a dormitory for
A B C
a week.
D
9. By the time the police located the stolen car, the thieves have already
A B C
escaped to Portugal.
D
10. Paul says they will get their exam results in two weeks time.
A B C D
11. The next important question we have to decide is when do we have to
A B C D
submit the proposal.
12. On a salary like his, it’s not surprised that he finds it hard to make ends
A B C D
meet.
13. Some of these people are friends of my and the rest of them are people
A B C D
from the office.
14. The food that Martha is cooking in the kitchen is smelling delicious.
A B C D
15. When I opened the fridge there were only a bottle of milk, a packet of
A B C
butter, and some eggs.
D
16. The company has so few money that it can hardly operate anymore.
A B C D
17. I don’t know if the manager will get back to the office today. But if he
A B C
does, I’ll tell him to call to you.
D
18. Did you know that sailors were not allowed to whistle on ships at sea?
A B
People use to believe that whistling would bring high winds and cause
C
danger to the ship.
D
19. Margaret Thatcher, who was Prime Minister of Great Britain for 12 years,
A B
is now known as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.
C D
20. Stephen Leacock, one of Canada’s great writers of humorous fiction, once
A
said about himself, “I’m a great believer in luck, and I find that the harder
B C
I work, the much I have of it.”
D
Test 2
Directions: Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. The doctor answered all our questions and gave us some advices on health
A B C D
issues.
2. The technician mends the photocopier so you can’t use it at the moment.
A B C D
3. A great number of reporters was at his press conference about minority
A B C D
rights.
4. Our journey to Niagara Falls was far long than we all thought it would be.
A B C D
5. I wanted to set up my own business, but because I didn’t have some capital,
A B C
I had to give up the idea.
D
6. According to official statistics, every day there is more than a dozen traffic
A B C D
accidents in the city.
7 Although both of them are trying to get the scholarship, she has the
A B C
highest grades.
D
8. The Vatican City or the Vatican, officially called the Holy See, is the world’s
A B
smallest independent state with a population of about 800, neither of whom
C D
are national permanent residents.
9. The more electricity you use, the high your bill will be.
A B C D
10. My brother doesn’t care how much does the car cost because he is going to
A B C D
buy it anyway.
11. The car is nice to drive, but I don’t like it’s colour.
A B C D
12. Mel’s grandmother is in the hospital, so we went to visit her last night.
A B C D
13. Arthur was the youngest in the family, his twin sisters Melanie and Rosie
A B
were four years elder than him.
C D
14. Ten minutes are too little time to finish this report.
A B C D
15. Nuclear power does not use much fuel, one ton of uranium produces as
A B
many electricity as twenty thousand tons of coal.
C D
16. The price of crude oil was used to be a great deal lower than now.
A B C D
17. By the time you finish getting ready, we’ll miss the train.
A B C D
18. Alexander the Great became King when he was twenty and continued the
A B C
work that his father has begun.
D
19. You say that Notre Dame is half as higher as the Eifel Tower? – Exactly. It
A B
is one hundred fifty metres higher than Notre Dame.
C D
20. He says that neither the director nor the secretary want to leave yet.
A B C D
Test 3
Directions: Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Many people in the west think that Brunei is in the Middle East but it isn’t;
A B
it’s in the East Asia, on the north coast of the island of Borneo.
C D
2. We had a very good weather while we were on holiday.
A B C D
3. A lot of dead fish has been found in the river next to the chemical plant.
A B C D
4. It has been raining for two days when suddenly the sun came out.
A B C D
5. AStatue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France to the United States.
A B C D
6. In London there are a lot of streets with the same name and it’s very confused
A B C D
if you are a tourist.
7. Two years are a long time to be unemployed.
A B C D
8. I’m making breakfast. How many toasts do you want?
A B C D
9. Only about twenty per cents of the people voted in the local government
A B C
elections.
D
10. The average lead pencil can draw a line thirty-five mile long or write
A B
about thousand words.
C D
11. The problem of unemployment has became worse in recent months, and
A B
yesterday the president announced the introduction of a new set of measures to
C D
deal with it.
12. I remember she used to wear her hair shortly.
A B C D
13. Oxford is ninety kilometers from London – about an hour by car, bus or
A B C
train and only sixty-four kilometers from the Heathrow Airport.
D
14. According to research reports, people are usually turning in their sleep 25 to
A B C
30 times each night.
D
15. There is a new luxury five-star hotel in town, isn’t it?
A B C D
16. Tornadoes can pick up objects as heavy as automobiles and carry them for
A B
hundreds of foot.
C D
17. By Christmas, she will be working for our company for five years.
A B C D
18. Nick does not care how much does the car cost because he is going to buy it
A B C
anyway.
D
19. The steam engine is usually thought of as a relatively modern invention,
A B
but the Greeks had built a kind of steam engine in ancient times.
C D
20. Arthritis, a painful swelling of the joints, is often associated with elderly
A B C
people, but it afflicts young as well.
D
Test 4
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. The teacher’s comments are designed to help improve your knowledges and
A B C
understanding.
D
2. Three-quarter of the people interviewed said that they supported the
A B C
president.
D
3. Charlie Chaplin was a English film actor and a director, who did most of his
A B C
work in the USA.
D
4. There is a few chance that population growth will level off before 2050 at the
A B
earliest, but there are a few indications that the growth rate will probably keep
C D
declining.
5. This film is least exciting than the other one we saw.
A B C D
6. He has two watches, but neither of them doesn’t work properly.
A B C D
7. The colonists who first settled in New England did so because they felt there
A B C
was none social justice in their homeland England.
D
8. Stress on the job costs American companies as many as one hundred fifty
A B
billion dollars a year in lower productivity, unnecessary employee sick leave,
C D
and higher medical costs.
9. Have you seen some good films recently? – No, I haven’t been to the cinema
A B C D
for ages.
10. I don’t think he will have time to accept you and discuss the matter. He is
A
leaving for the airport at 4 o’clock sharply.
B C D
11. Are bacon and eggs what he usually eats for breakfast?
A B C D
12. I found it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I lost my ticket, but
A B C
he believed me in the end.
D
13. Although New Zealand is a very small country, the beauty of its nature
A B
including mountains, beaches, glaciers, and hot springs, attracts hundred of
C D
tourists every year.
14. It was only when I got home that I realised I forgot my keys in the office.
A B C D
15. The news he told his wife were a shock to her.
A B C D
16. Hopefully, he will have learn everything by the time he sits the exam.
A B C D
17. All the roads were blocked: it has been snowing all night long.
A B C D
18. London has twice as many banks as the rest of the south-eastern England.
A B C D
19. The worse earthquake in one hundred-forty years left Japan struggling for
A C B
survival on Friday, March 11, 2011.
D
20. I talked to the students and all think that both Mike and I have lots of money,
A B C
but we really don’t have very much.
D
Test 5
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. The world’s largest islands are Greenland and New Guinea, the largest
A B
lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Victoria and Lake Huron, the largest deserts are
C
Sahara Desert and Australian Desert.
D
2. If you give us a five percents discount, we’ll make a firm order of five
A B C
thousand units.
D
3. The number of people who drink Coke for a breakfast in the United States is
A B C
nine hundred sixty-five thousand.
D
4. Last year Americans spent six times as much money for pet food than they
A B C
did for baby food.
D
5. Farther evidence is needed to support recent research which suggests that
A B C
certain chemicals found in broccoli may act as cancer preventatives.
D
6. She isn’t at home because she’s gone to hospital to visit her grandmother
A B C
who is ill with pneumonia.
D
7. The police thinks that more than one person was in the stolen car.
A B C D
8. The road was wet and slippery: it has been raining heavily all night.
A B C D
9. Your perfume is smelling so nice. What is it? – It is a new perfume called ‘In
A B C D
Love’.
10. A man is as old as he feels, and a woman is as old like she looks.
A B C D
11. The news on the radio and TV stations confirm that a serious storm is
A B C
approaching the city.
D
12. What’s the use of talking about diets if you are always nibbling chocolate
A B
biscuits or something between having meals?
C D
13. Phyllis had written two-third of the report when she was told they didn’t
A B C D
need it.
14. According to the economic laws, the greater the demand, the high the price.
A B C D
15. Both his parents are very proud of him for getting a good education, but
A B
none of them can understand why he can’t find a suitable job.
C D
16. We had hardly took our seats when the lights went out and the film started.
A B C D
17. America has cut its oil imports from the Middle East by seventy-three per
A B C
cents.
D
18. London has twice as more banks as the rest of south-eastern England.
A B C D
19. I’m not going to the lecture tonight because I’m not very interesting in the
A B C D
subject.
20. Immediately after the quake, powerful tsunami waves ten-foot high washed
A B C
up the coastal areas of Japan, causing complete destruction of the areas.
D
Test 6
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Nobody love is as constant and unselfish as a mother’s.
A B C D
2. Only a month now remained and no a moment must be lost.
A B C D
3. The party was held in the house of the Johnson.
A B C D
4. The only thing that stood out clearly was his parentes house.
A B C D
5. The boy drove many sheeps in the direction of the village.
A B C D
6. I was presented with a dozens of handkerchiefs.
A B C D
7. I must have two tooths pulled out.
A B C D
8. The child were bitterly crying over the broken toy.
A B C D
9. The scout brought several valuable information.
A B C D
10. A very strange phenomena was observed by astronomers yesterday.
A B C D
11. What more books by Kipling besides “Mowgli” did you read in your
A B C D
childhood?
12. The book gives many food for thought.
A B C D
13. When I think of this, my heart turns for stone.
A B C D
14. No one had seen him since and the police was searching for him.
A B C D
15. A tiger is a big catlike animal ranging in several races from India to
A B C D
Siberia.
16. Jarie understood why Lanny didn’t come the previous evening.
A B C D
17. Everybody was at the bus station but the guide hadn’t come already.
A B C D
18. The librarian will registered all the books that come into the library by the end
A B C D
of the week.
1. I suppose that when my letter will reache you, you will return from your
A B C D
village.
20. We call Renaissance the time of the great revival of art and learning which has
A B C D
covered the 15th and 16th centuries.
Test 7
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. The clouds were lieing so closely below the plane that nothing could be seen
A B C D
of the earth.
2. Soon he saw light in the distance and understood that he was on the right
A B C D
track.
3. The performance of the play proved to be a much deal better than I could
A B C
ever expect.
D
4. Many thousands of years ago Cyprus had been famous for its copper.
A B C D
5. The delegation will start for London as soon as they will receive their visas.
A B C D
6. During dinner while Andrew was chewing his piece of old meat, Mrs Page
A B
helped herself to wine and hot beefsteak.
C D
7. They completed all preparations for the fancy dress ball by 5 o’clock.
A B C D
8. No sooner she had opened the drawer when she found the photo which she
A B
thought she had lost.
C D
9. Our pilot had asking for permission to take off for ten minutes already, but
A B
he got no answer yet.
C D
10. Approximately 30 percent of all parents in the world let their children to
A B C
attend school.
D
11. Thomas hided the money somewhere close to his home.
A B C D
12. She drawed the curtain back and the room was flooded with gold.
A B C D
13. The girl written the address down on the card, which she gave to the servant
A B C
to post.
D
14. By the time the clock on the tower struck midnight the streets of a city were
A B C
almost deserted.
D
15. Will you have any more tea, Charles? I think you’ve had more than is good
A B C D
for you.
16. Latin is a dead language now, but it has been the international language
A B C
some four centuries ago.
D
17. Americans share a number of values, among them achievement, practical,
A B C
material comfort and democracy.
D
18. Some individuals see the issue of smoking as a matter of personal freedom
A B C
of choices.
D
19. Society uses such human emotions as proud, shame, guilt.
A B C D
20. A competitive company can increase its profit by cutting its costs or
A B C
increase its sales.
D
Test 8
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. The boxis made with iron and has a tricky lock.
A B C D
2. Eskimos were the first people to live, hunt and traveling in the Siberian
A B C D
tundra.
3. Stores can bring in more customers when they staying open longer hours or
A B C
stock more things.
D
4. Playing jokes on April Fools Day is common in many regions, although
A B
none knows how the tradition began.
C D
5. An interest in architecture often involves preserving old buildings and
A B
modifying it for new uses.
C D
6. Plants with short roots system are best suited for areas where they do not
A B C
receive much rainfall.
D
7. By the time babies are seven months old their able to sit up without support.
A B C D
8. It is probably that a well- developed memory is crucial in learning a foreign
A B C D
language.
9. The Saudi Arabian economy depends large on the petroleum industry and oil
A B C D
production.
10. Veterinary medicine is the branch of medical science where deals with the
A B C
diseases of animals.
D
11. Research indicates that genetic inputs influence who we react to alcohol.
A B C D
12. What the violin-maker glues the violin parts together, he uses no nails or
A B C D
screws.
13. Not everyone wish to or can afford to purchase a home.
A B C D
14. Left to themselves, rain forests sustains their ecological systems indefinitely.
A B C D
15. During the day the sun warm the air near the earth’s surface and the heated air
A B C D
rises.
16. Cyclical unemployment figures include workers who lose their jobs because a
A B C D
recession.
17. Of all the paved roads in the nation 93 percent are covered by asphalt.
A B C D
18. Each of the musicians in the orchestra were rehearsing daily before the concert
A B C
tour began.
D
19. Side photographic light it dose not show surface detail as well as front light.
A B C D
20. Television news give you more information than radio news.
A B C D
Test 9
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Although Japan is crowded, the Japanese has a high standard of living.
A B C D
2. Balm which grown in damp and shady woodlands is a tall, fragrant herb of the
A B C
mint species.
D
3. Cabbage and lettuce have such a short stems and broad leaves that they appear
A B C
to have no stems at all.
D
4. It is not known why many seeds undergo a period of dormancy even during the
A B C
times when conditions for them growth is favorable.
D
5. The price theory that represents the core of microeconomics explained how the
A B
variability of supply and demand in competitive markets creates the interplay of
C D
goods and services.
6. When wine grapes contain the proper amounts of acid and sugar required to
A B C D
produce wine.
7. Beef and dairy cattle is major sources of income in Louisiana, which has a mild
A B C D
climate.
8. The metric system is a system of measures and weights which is first adopted in
A B C D
France.
9. In ancient Rome people are used sticks made of metal with a pointed end for
A B C
writing on waxed tablets.
D
10. Stratford-on-Avon is a small town in central England where Shakespeare has
A B C D
been born.
11. Some two centuries ago when there were no trains, cars and trams, people used
A B C D
to travelling in carriages.
12. From the door he shouted that he will be back in two hours.
A B C D
13. The British labour movement developed as a means of improve working
A B C
conditions through group efforts.
D
14. Poverty in the United States is noticeably different from that in other
A B C
country.
D
15. Five-credits-hour courses are approved for the student’s work in the
A B C
major field of interest.
D
16. A small antelope similar to the chamois lives in rocky places from southern
A B C
African to the Sahara.
D
17. Emily Dickinson, whose poems were published after her dead, wrote about
A B C
love, nature, and eternity.
D
18. The article provides general informations about animals and tells why
A B C
animals are important to human beings.
D
19. William Harvey, the English doctor who discovered the circulate of the
A B C
blood, was born in 1578.
D
20. Roman numericals are written from left to right using the principle of
A B C
addition.
D
Test 10
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Thousands of settlers gone west after the Civil War ended in 1865.
A B C D
2. The female turtle often walks away after covering her eggs and not return.
A B C D
3. People can reduce stress by accepting events as they are, rather than as they
A B C
would likes them to be.
D
4. When a bee stings an animal, the insect's stinger remaining in the wound.
A B C D
5. Norman Rockwell illustrating covers of magazines, books for children, and
A B C
advertisements.
D
6. Each climate zone has its specifically features , which this research describes in
A B C
detail.
D
7. During the 1960's , the state of Alaska improved it's transportation facilities and
A B C
put together a statewide ferry fleet.
D
8. Some people weigh them every time they pass a weighing machine.
A B C D
9. London receives 23 millions of visitors a year from all over the world.
A B C D
10. Daniel Boone was born in Pennsylvania but lived in several states and die in
A B C D
Missouri.
11. In long-term memory, the stronger the connection between events, the likely
A B C
they are to be retrieved.
D
12. Studies of the sun may leads to the discovery of how the core of the sun heats
A B C
its outer atmosphere.
D
13. A little drivers can realize how many individual parts are necessary to
A B C D
assemble a car.
14. Much species of cacti live in places that have warm temperatures at least part
A B C D
of the year.
15. According to experts, few regions have as little plant life than deserts do.
A B C D
16. Computer graphics software has infinite applications in a widely array of
A B C D
fields.
17. Van Cliburn he studied piano from 1951 to 1954 and won multiple awards
A B C D
between 1958 and 1960.
18. Diagrams display informations in a conspicuous way and vividly show
A B C
differences and similarities.
D
19.The Great Depression serves as an example of drama fluctuation in the
A B
balanced wage rate.
C D
20. Although Connecticut occupies a small area, its weather can vary from one
A B C
area to others.
D
Test 11
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. What was you doing when I called you last night?
A B C D
2. Can't you fix that dripping tap? It's getting on my nerves - it's really irritated.
A B C D
3. If the general price level has be changing during the period under
A B
consideration, the figures recorded for the different years will have to be
C D
adjusted to take account of the price changes.
4. The trousers you bought for me doesn't fit me.
A B C D
5. He does not go to bed late and he always get up early.
A B C D
6. Peter is most cheerful of the three children.
A B C D
7. I never heard Ken criticise anyone since I have known him.
A B C D
8. Independence Day, commonly known as the Four of July, is a federal holiday
A B C
in the United States.
D
9. The soldiers had to carry their equipments on their backs for miles.
A B C D
10. The storm area grew and drifted southwards during afternoon, while other
A B C D
storms developed over the north.
11. When he returns I give him the key.
A B C D
12. The instructions in the exam were very complicated and left the students
A B C
feeling totally confusing.
D
13. I met European yesterday who seemed to be very amiable and charming in
A B C D
outlook.
14. Your car is old! It is much dangerous than mine.
A B C D
15. Although he had asked everyone to bring their books, some boys didn't had
A B C D
any with them.
16. This box is very heavy. Don't worry I carry it for you.
A B C D
17. You'd better get up more earlier tomorrow, or you'll be late again.
A B C D
18. I'm getting a little worried because the baby has been crying since over half an
A B C D
hour.
19. By the time I got to their house, they have already left home.
A B C D
20. Tomorrow afternoon we're going to play tennis from 3 o'clock until 4.30. So at
A B C
4 o'clock, we will play tennis.
D
Test 12
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. I wasn't listen when he started talking about the project.
A B C D
2. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn't sharp enough.
A B C D
3. In recent years a large volume of short-term capital or 'hot money' have been
A B C
moving from one country to another seeking greater security or higher interest
D
rates.
4. I didn't expect to see Peter at the party. I was really surprising to see him there.
A B C D
5. Mr. Robert have no objection to his daughter Sarah studying in the USA but he
A B C
refuses to let her work there.
D
6. She told me the most strangest story I had ever heard.
A B C D
7. We have spend £200 on food this month and there's another week to go before I
A B C
get paid.
D
8. Her sister is twentieth-seven years old. She is tall and she has long curly hair.
A B C D
9. He sometimes get dressed too quickly, and this morning he is wearing one blue
A B C D
sock and one red one!
10. I remember when Frank was last here. It was the Christmas when I got my
A B C D
new bike.
11. He'll be ready as soon as you will be.
A B C D
12. Anita was so embarrassing that her whole face turned red.
A B C D
13. If you're looking for the good clothes shop, I would recommend Harrison's.
A B C D
14. This exercise isn't very difficult. The next exercise is much difficult than this
A B C D
one!
15. When I realize my wallet had been stolen, I didn't know what to do.
A B C D
16. Do you want to borrow my car? Thanks, I bring it back tomorrow.
A B C D
17. The Galapagos are one of most expensive places in the world to visit.
A B C D
18. Don't be so negative! They don't know her. I sure they will like her.
A B C D
19. When I arrived home at seven o'clock, my sister hasn't had dinner yet.
A B C D
20. Do you think you will still doing the same job in ten years' time?
A B C D
Test 13
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. On Sunday morning the wind was blow softly so Peter decided to go
A B C D
windsurfing.
2. I don't like very hot weather. Thirty degrees are too warm for me.
A B C D
3. Plants and vegetables have been disappearing from my garden for we had new
A B C D
neighbours.
4. I find it relaxed to lie on the sofa and listen to music after a hard day's work.
A B C D
5. What was your parents reaction to your decision to be a lawyer?
A B C D
6. That was the most sweetest chocolate I have ever eaten.
A B C D
7. It's the first time I heard Mr James shout at anyone since he started teaching at
A B C D
the school.
8. Susan has been the fourtenth girl to win such an expensive award since 2000.
A B C D
9. I am not go away for my holidays next month because I have not got enough
A B C D
money.
10. With the wedding and the new job, it was a summer she would always
A B C D
remember.
11. The lift will start as soon as you will press that button.
A B C D
12. I was really surprising when my employer gave me the day off.
A B C D
13. The Emperor Napoleon lost the battle of Trafalgar against the English led by
A B C D
Admiral Nelson.
14. They phoned me to say they have missed their train.
A B C D
15. Sue's homework wasn't very good. Your homework is better then Sue's.
A B C D
16. If you don't understand the exercise, I explain it to you.
A B C D
17. Boracay Island in the Philippines has best beaches I have ever seen.
A B C D
18. What speed was the car do at the time of the accident?
A B C D
19. My father knew Spain so well because he had visit the country four times.
A B C D
20. Don't phone me between 7 and 8. We will having dinner then.
A B C D
Test 14
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. John Druise was drive when Michelle called him.
A B C D
2. The staff at the school isn't happy with their new working conditions.
A B C D
3. It's sometimes embarrassed when you have to ask people for money.
A B C D
4. I have been reading this book on astrophysics since hours and I'm still only on
A B C D
page 6.
5. This is an utopian idea i.e., in other words, it is highly impracticable.
A B C D
6. Paris is most cheerful city in France during Christmas.
A B C D
7. I marked twenty essays today, but I've still got five more before I go to bed.
A B C D
8. There are several thousands people in the national stadium to watch the soccer
A B C D
final.
9. What are you usually doing in your spare time? Have you got any hobbies?
A B C D
10. He was often kept awake in morning by their song which floated up through
A B C D
the window.
11. He will washes up before he goes to bed.
A B C D
12. By 12.00 Susan felt so tiring that she went to rest.
A B C D
13. Do you like oysters? I do, but I didn't like a fish I ate yesterday.
A B C D
14. Bob's garden isn't very big. Your garden is more bigger than Bob's.
A B C D
15. The reason was that they have forgotten the exact time of their departure.
A B C D
16. A: Did you get the theatre tickets? B: No, I forgot all about them. I book them
A B C D
tomorrow.
17. Easter Island is the more interesting island I have ever visited.
A B C D
18. We can go out now. It is not rain anymore.
A B C D
19. She offered me dinner, but I had just eaten a sandwich, so I didn’t was hungry.
A B C D
20. Look, I can give you lift to the station. I will be driving that way anyway.
A B C D
Test 15
Directions:Each sentence (1 – 20) has four underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. They were all working when Michelle arrive.
A B C D
2. I can't find my binoculars. Do you know where they are?
A B C D
3. If I said anything as stupid as he did in front of a thousand people, I'd feel really
A B C
embarrassing.
D
4. In recent years, Brazilian companies have been putinga lot of money into
A B C
advanced technology developing.
D
5. How many music instruments did Eminem play?
A B C D
6. This meal is the more delicious I've ever eaten.
A B C D
7. I read a lot this week, but I have to get the book completely finished by this
A B C D
week end.
8. Million of people were in the streets to protest against the government's
A B C D
decision.
9. It's usually dry here at this time of the year. It do not rain much.
A B C D
10. They will wake up in morning, and find their video-recorder.
A B C D
11. I'll go on doing it until he tell me to stop.
A B C D
12. I heard the film was good, but it was very disappointed.
A B C D
13. I am afraid this is too serious a question for us to make a decision right away.
A B C D
14. The town isn't very clean. The country is clean than the town.
A B C D
15. As soon as she had lie, she wished she had told the truth.
A B C D
16. If you listen careful, you will hear an owl in the trees over there.
A B C D
17. I have just a little money, then I'll have cheapest menu.
A B C D
18. Catherine phoned me last night. She’s on holiday in France. She is having a
A B C
great time and don't want to come back.
D
19. Before coming to Siberia Tom hadn't never seen snow.
A B C D
20. This time tomorrow, Maria will be sunbathe on a beach in Majorca.
A B C D
Exercise 4. Match these nouns as they occur together in the text:
1. product a. teams
2. target b. objectives
3. borrowing c. lines
4. project d. units
5. delayering e. company
6. country f. process
7. business g. markets
8. software h. needs
9. company i. managers
Exercise 5. Use an appropriate phrase from the text to complete each sentence:
1. Banks need to be fully aware of their customers’………………….. .
2. Silicon Valley is full of ………………………….. .
3. Many companies are now organized along ………………………, in which each
division is responsible for a group of products.
4. A matrix organization groups people into …………………….. .
5. Some companies are divided into different ………………………….., often also
called profit centres.
6. A multinational company will often have a number of ………………, in charge of
activities in different parts of the world.
Exercise 25. Invent your own company and describe its organizational structure using the
following verbs:
The most common verbs for describing structure are:
consists of contains includes
is composed of is made up of is divided into
Other verbs frequently used to describe company organization include:
to be in charge of
to support or to be supported
to be accountable to
to be responsible for
to assist or to be assisted
73
Use the following questions to expand the topic:
1. What does your company do?
2. What is it called?
3. What kind of public image do you have?
4. How many people do you employ?
5. Where are your headquarters?
6. Do you have offices in other countries? If so, where?
7. What is your turnover, market share and net profits? Who is your main
competitor?
8. Are you growing, shrinking or holding steady?
9. What are your most promising products and/or markets?
10. What problems are you having and how are you dealing with them?
Exercise 26. Read the whole text and then complete the organization chart:
I think we have a fairly typical organization for a manufacturing firm. We’re divided into
Finance, Production, Marketing and Human Resources departments.
The Human Resources department is the simplest. It consists of two sections. One is
responsible for recruitment and personnel matters, the other is in charge of training.
The Marketing department is made up of three sections: Sales, Sales Promotion, and
Advertising, whose heads are all accountable to the marketing manager.
The Production department consists of five sections. The first of these is Production
Control, which is in charge of both Scheduling and Materials Control. Then there’s
Purchasing, Manufacturing, Quality Control, and Engineering Support. Manufacturing
contains three sections: Tooling, Assembly, and Fabrication.
Finance is composed of two sections: Financial Management, which is responsible for
capital requirements, fund control, and credit, and Accounting.
1 2 3