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«Чотири причини» за Аристотелем.docx
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Міжнародний економіко-гуманітарний університет імені академіка Степана Дем’янчука
SUMMARY
On the topic:
Kharkiv
Виконав:
Студент денної форми навчання
I курсу групи М-71
Єремов Максим Юрійович
Kharkiv is quite an old city. It was founded about 350 years ago. The city is situated on the plateau surrounded by the Kharkiv and the Lopan rivers. According to the popular legend the city is named after Cossack Kharko. Kharkiv is the historical capital of Slobidska Ukraine. With the foundation of Kharkiv University in 1805 the city became an important educational and cultural centre of Ukraine and the Russian Empire as a whole. Such cultural figures as Kvitka-Osnovianenko, Hulack-Artemovsky, Kostomarov, Repin lived and worked in Kharkiv. Kharkiv was the capital of Ukraine since 1919 till 1934. Today Kharkiv is the second largest city in the country.
Next to Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, Kharkiv is the second largest city in Ukraine. With a population of 1.6 million, Kharkiv is a major industrial, cultural and educational center of Ukraine.
Originally founded in 1656 as a fortress protecting Moscow from the Tatars, the city grew as a trade and cultural center, and in 1765 it became the administrative center of Ukraine. With the development of the vast mineral wealth of the region in the late 19th century, Kharkiv developed into an industrial and rail transportation center. During World War I Kharkiv was the scene of heavy fighting, first between German and Russian troops and later (1917-20) between opposing forces in the Russian Revolution. It was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1920 to 1934, when it was replaced by Kyiv. During World War II Kharkiv was occupied (1941-43) by German troops and suffered severe damage. Today, Kharkiv's industrial base includes major industries such as farm and mining machinery, electric and railroad equipment, chemicals, machine tools, and processed food. Kharkiv is the home of 23 institutions of higher education. In addition, it is a major center for treating victims of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. In the cultural area it includes numerous theaters, museums, churches and cathedrals, parks and gardens. In 1781, Kharkiv adopted its current city seal. Its horn of plenty symbolizes the richness and wealth of the Kharkiv province and the fruitfulness of its land. About 2 million people live here. Kharkiv is one of the largest industrial centres in Ukraine. Its numerous enterprises produce planes, tractors, electronic, mining and medical equipment, TV-sets, refrigerators, paints and cosmetics, clothing and textiles. Furniture and printing industries are well developed in Kharkiv. Kharkiv is one of the major cultural and scientific centres of Ukraine. There are many schools, higher educational establishments, research institutes in Kharkiv. There is the Scientific Library, the Historical and Natural Science Museums and the Museum of Fine Arts in Kharkiv. The city supports a circus and six professional theatres. Kharkiv is very beautiful, especially in spring. There are over 2500 streets and 26 squares in the city. The largest parks are Gorky Park, Shevchenko Garden with the Zoo, Artem Park, the Forest Park and some others. The city is ornamented with a large number of monuments. The most prominent of them is the one to T. Shevchenko built in 1935.
Sights of Kharkov
Freedom Square
The main square of the city. This is the largest area in Ukraine and one of the largest in the world. People's festivities, concerts, fairs, demonstrations, rallies and other mass events are constantly held here. The huge area has two parts: "rectangular" and "round". In the center of the perimeter of the "round" part is a unique monument of architecture - the majestic Gosprom. This is the first high-rise reinforced concrete building in the USSR that was built in 1925-1928. To the right of the Gosprom there is the largest Northern Corps of the Kharkiv National University. VNKarazin - one of the oldest, largest and most prestigious higher educational institutions of Ukraine. Next to it is the ultramodern 5-star hotel "Kharkov Palace". To the left of the Gosprom, the main building of the Kharkov National University named after Vitaliy is raised. VN Karazin, who was erected as the House of the Government of Ukraine. In front of the building there is a monument to the founder of the university Vasily Karazin, which was opened in 1906. On this side of Freedom Square is a city park, which Kharkiv residents call Shevchenko's Garden.
City garden to them. TG Shevchenko
It is the oldest park in the city: it was laid as far back as 1804. Over 15 thousand trees and shrubs over 100 breeds grow on an area of 25 hectares. The park's decoration is the famous lilac-chestnut alley. In the garden there are oak-giants, whose age exceeds two centuries! In the western part of the park, on the slope of the hill, a water cascade was created, framed by stairs. In the center of the garden there is a fountain of color music. From the side of the famous Sumskaya street there is a multi-figure composition of the majestic monument of TG Shevchenko, according to art critics, the best in the world. Guests of Kharkov must definitely see this impressive monument - one of the symbols cities. In the Shevchenko Garden there is also a magnificent Kharkov Zoo; it is visited annually by about one million people. Not far away, the Nemo Dolphinarium has been built, which gives fascinating performances to spectators of all ages. Leaving the park near the opera house, we will face the fountain "Mirror Stream".
The Mirror Jet fountain
This fountain was built in 1947 in honor of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War and is a visiting card of the city. It is adjacent to a small, but very picturesque Victory Square. Moving from here down Sumskaya street, soon we will go to another huge square - the Constitution Square.
ConstitutionSquare
It is framed by many beautiful buildings. The northern part of the eastern side of the square is most picturesque. Here there are four buildings, built in the late XIX - early XX century for the largest banks of the Russian Empire. Also on the square is the Kharkov City Council (former City Council building). In 2012, it erected a monument in honor of the Independence of Ukraine. Not far from the Constitution Square are three Kharkov cathedrals.
Intercession Cathedral
The oldest surviving buildings of the city. It was built in 1689 in the style of the early Ukrainian Baroque. Some elements of exterior decoration also testify to the use of the traditions of Moscow architecture. Now in the building there is a functioning Orthodox church.
