Міністерство освіти і науки України
Національний технічний університет
“Харківський політехнічний інститут ’’
Навчально-науковий інститут економіки, менеджменту і міжнародного бізнесу
Кафедра міжкультурної комунікації та іноземної мови
Іноземна мова
РЕФЕРАТ
На тему: “Social netwotks”
| Студента I курсу Денної форми навчання КН-121А Рощупкіна Дмитра Сергійовича Перевірив викладач: доц. Компанієць І. В. |
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Харків 2021
Contents
Introduction 3
Advantages and dangers of social networks 5
Advantages 5
Dangers 5
Facebook 7
Twitter 11
Instagram 13
History 13
Features and tools 14
Telegram 19
Description 19
Features 19
List of references 24
Introduction
Social networks are Internet platforms for communication, exchange of information and content, and other social interactions. They are used for work, recreation and entertainment, allow you to coordinate groups of people among themselves and have a wide range of functions. Unlike the more compact messenger format, the social network usually supports the ability to share and consume content. It is generally more public. Social networks are used by millions of people around the world, which makes them an excellent tool for Internet marketing.
Now it's hard to believe that someone doesn't know what it is, but until the early 2000s, this concept existed mainly in theory. It is difficult to say when the concept appeared: something similar was foreseen by the writer of the XIX century Vladimir Odoevsky. The first prototypes were electronic bulletin boards that supported the function of communication, then Internet chats appeared. The beginning of the era of social networks is considered to be 2003-2004: it was during this period that such giants as Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace were launched in the USA. The popularity of social media reached Ukraine by 2006-2008, when Odnoklassniki and VKontakte appeared. Since then, their demand has steadily grown, and as of November 2019, the number of active users of social networks in Ukraine alone amounted to 19 million.
There are global social networks used by people from all over the world, and local ones, mostly tailored to one country: for Russia and the CIS, these are well-known Odnoklassniki, VKontakte and less popular services Mail.ru . Facebook holds a confident leadership among the global ones.
Facebook. This social network was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 and achieved huge popularity in a short time. Today, the audience is more than 2 billion people, that is, more than a quarter of the world's population. The site is used by people from different countries of the world. In Russia, active users are journalists, careerists, businessmen and those who, for one reason or another, often communicate with foreigners.
Twitter. Initially, it appeared as a service that allows you to share short messages with your audience: it was assumed that this would primarily be news. It was launched in 2006, today it is popular among young people and is used mainly for creative and entertainment purposes.
Instagram. A relatively young social network launched in 2010 and focused on images. In 2012, Facebook acquired it. To date, the main theme of the site is fashion, beauty, travel, everything related to visual content. Instagram has extremely wide commercial opportunities: many online stores exist mainly as instaaccounts.
Telegram. Pavel Durov created telegram in 2013. Today it is a popular Russian social network aimed at young people, but in demand among all categories of users. The audience is predominantly Russian-speaking.
Advantages and dangers of social networks
Advantages
The ability to communicate with friends at a distance.
Search for lost contacts and new acquaintances.
Social networks can be used as a tool for self-development, learning foreign languages, reading interesting books, listening to music. Interest groups have been created in social networks where you can find information you are interested in, for example, videos with fitness classes or guitar lessons.
Social networks can help during the learning process. With their help, you can exchange lecture notes, lab assignments and other useful information. There is also an opportunity to join a community of a certain topic and study in detail questions about history or to improve knowledge of a foreign language. To do this, there are links to the necessary literature, photo and video materials, you can discuss problematic issues with other members of the group.
Dangers
In a social network, there is always a risk of coming across harmful information calling for drug use, suicide, information about pseudo-religious and mystical actions, sects, etc.
In the network, you can encounter various services that are offered after paying an SMS to a short number. Most often, this is a common fraud. Therefore, you should not accept files from strangers, open questionable links, because as a result, you can infect your computer with viruses.
Due to the fact that there is enough useless information in social networks, the time spent on the Internet increases several times. All this has a negative effect on well-being, physical and psychological health. The amount of information negatively affects the nervous system, irritability and aggressiveness appear.
Dependence on the Internet and social networks can change a person's hormonal background. Over time, real communication skills are lost. Solving all issues online turns a person into an antisocial personality.
Social networks have a negative impact on speech and spelling. Poor vocabulary, speech and grammatical errors - all this is the result of communication on the Internet.
The dependence that arises from the need to check the profile frequently is another disadvantage. According to statistics, it occurs more often among adolescents and is a psychological disorder.
Propaganda of violence, prohibited ideas, and the spread of pornography takes place on social networks. Despite the monitoring and blocking of such pages, they appear again and hide their orientation in every possible way. The virtual interlocutor will not grab his hand, but he is quite capable of "penetrating thoughts” and influencing views on the world.
All the vast possibilities of the Internet are used by representatives of extremist movements in order to lure newcomers into their ranks.
Facebook is the world's largest social network, launched on February 4, 2004. The goal is Facebook platforms. The founder and chairman of the service is Mark Zuckerberg. According to the Alexa rank rating, the site facebook.com 7 ranks in the world in terms of traffic. As of December 2018, Facebook claimed to have more than 2.3 billion monthly active users. As of September 2019, the number of users from Ukraine was 13 million.
On October 28, 2021, Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook Inc. (owned by the social network Facebook) changed its name to "Meta".
Mark Zuckerberg wrote Facemash, the forerunner of Facebook, on October 28, 2003, while in his sophomore year at Harvard University. According to the Harvard Crimson newspaper, the site resembled another internet resource-"Hot or not" and "used photos collected from the online Facebook pages of nine colleges, posting them in pairs and asking users to choose the "hottest" person."
To achieve this, Zuckerberg accessed the secure areas of Harvard's computer network and copied photos from student ID cards placed in the college dorm database. Harvard at that time did not have a student "Facebook" (catalog with photos and basic information). During the first four hours, Facemash attracted the attention of 450 visitors and 22 thousand photo reviews were made.
The website quickly got into several campus mailing servers, but a few days later it was blocked by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged with violating security, copyright and the right to personal information, and faced expulsion from the University. However, the charges were dropped. In the same semester, Zuckerberg expanded the initial project, creating a tool for Social Research even before the final exam in art history. He posted 500 images of Augustus-era cultural monuments on the website, placing an illustration and an article with comments on it on each page. Zuckerberg opened up access to the site to his fellow students, and people started sharing notes.
The following semester, in January 2004, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website. According to him, he was inspired by an article in the Harvard Crimson about the incident with Facemash. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched The facebook, which was originally on thefacebook.com.
Six days after the site opened, three Harvard undergraduates, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of allegedly promising to help them build the social network HarvardConnection.com instead, I used their ideas to create a competitive product. They complained to Harvard Crimson, and the newspaper launched an investigation. Subsequently, the students filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, but a compromise was soon reached.
Initially, only Harvard College students had access to the site, and more than half of Harvard students registered within the first month. Zuckerberg was subsequently joined by Eduardo Saverin (business manager), Dustin Moskowitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic designer), and Chris Hughes to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook was used at Stanford, Columbia, and Yale universities. It soon opened to students from other Ivy League schools, Boston and New York universities, the Massachusetts Institute of technology, and gradually to most universities in the United States and Canada.
Facebook was founded in the summer of 2004. It was headed by entrepreneur Sean Parker, an unofficial adviser to Zuckerberg. In June 2004, Facebook moved to Palo Alto, California. In the same month, she received her first investment from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel. The company removed the article The From the name after the domain name was acquired in 2005 facebook.com for 2 200 thousand.
In September 2005, the school version of Facebook was opened. according to Zuckerberg, this was quite a logical next step. In order to join the school network, an invitation was required. Subsequently, Facebook expanded access to the service to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft. On September 26, 2006, Facebook became available to anyone aged 13 and older with a valid email address.
On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had acquired a 1.6% stake in Facebook for Facebook 240 million, which allowed us to calculate the total value of the company — about.15 billion. Microsoft has been granted the rights to place international advertising on the website. In October 2008, Facebook announced the opening of its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. In September 2009, the first profit was announced. In November 2010, according to SecondMarket Inc. in the stock market of private companies, the value of Facebook was 4 41 billion dollars (slightly more than eBay). Thus, it became the third largest web company in the United States by market capitalization after Google and Amazon. According to The New York Times, Facebook's capitalization as of January 2, 2011 was 5 50 billion.
Facebook traffic has grown steadily since 2009. At the end of the week of March 13, 2010, more people visited Facebook than Google. Facebook also became the best social network in each of the eight markets in the Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Vietnam, while other brands ranked high in selected markets, including Google Orkut in India, Mixi.jp in Japan, CyWorld in South Korea, and the Yahoo!product Wretch.cc in Taiwan.
2011 website Lovely-Faces.com he stole photos and personal data of 250 thousand Facebook users in order to demonstrate to investors how overrated the social network is and how insecure the data of registered users is.
On May 17, 2012, Facebook conducted an initial public offering (IPO) on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. As a result of the IPO, the company's assets were valued at.104 billion.
According to Mark Zuckerberg, on August 24, 2015, for the first time in the history of the social network, its daily attendance exceeded one billion people, which is about a seventh of the population of all mankind.
As of July 2016, the number of users was 1.7 billion, of which 1.1 billion visit their accounts daily. On June 28, 2017, the number of Facebook users reached 2 billion people. In the third quarter of 2020, the social network's audience is already 2.7 billion users.
On August 31, 2017, Facebook stopped an experiment to teach artificial intelligence to a pair of communication bots among themselves due to the fact that during the experiment, bots that were supposed to learn how to bargain in order to continue participating in negotiations with people stopped communicating with each other in a language that people understand, instead using a modified language that only they understand. A few days earlier, Elon Musk called artificial intelligence the biggest threat that civilization will face, and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg actively denied it.
In the first quarter of 2018, the social network administration deleted 583 million fake accounts, or 3-4% of the monthly audience. This was done using AI. The company estimates that AI detected 99.5% of the 1.9 million attempts to place terrorist calls. AI recognized pornography and violent scenes worse — 95.8% and 85.6%, respectively. And only 38% of posts inciting hatred and xenophobia were found using AI, the rest of the messages were sifted out manually by the company.
In early 2018, the company announced that it would ban advertising of anything related to cryptocurrency. However, in June, the complete ban was partially lifted. So, ads with cryptocurrency can be given by trusted advertisers. This requires a special permit.
2019 introduced a new feature that allows you to share memories of those users who have passed away, and manage their page
On October 4, 2021, as a result of a global glitch, Facebook did not work for several hours. Currently, the number of users of the social network totals about 3 billion people. The social network was disabled due to a 2008 error for about a day, but then the service had only 80 million users.
Due to a large-scale failure, the value of Facebook shares by the close of trading fell by 4.89% compared to the start time. Mark Zuckerberg personally apologized to users. In a few hours, he lost almost 7 7 billion and dropped in the ranking of the richest people in the world.
Twitter, a social network that is a microblogging network, allows users to send short text messages (up to 280 characters, up to 140 characters by 2017) using SMS, instant messaging services and third — party client applications. The literary segment of Twitter gave rise to such a variety of short-text literature as Twitterature.
The owner of the Twitter System is Twitter, Inc. it is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Twitter, Inc. it also has servers and offices in San Antonio, Texas, and Boston, Massachusetts. As of September 2019, the company employed more than 4,600 people (as of 2012 — more than 900).
Created by Jack Dorsey in 2006, Twitter soon gained popularity around the world. As of January 1, 2011, the service has more than 200 million users. 100 million users are active at least once a month, of which 50 million use Twitter every day. 55 % use Twitter on mobile gadgets, and the site receives about 400 million unique visits per month directly twitter.com. From November 18 to 19, 2014, hackers of the Anonymous Community damaged the site, making it dangerous for a couple of hours, now the problem is solved and the site is available to users again.
In 2010, the company's revenue reached 4 45 million for online advertising sales.
Until November 7, 2017, the maximum number of characters in a message was 140 characters. The increase in the limit to 280 characters was commented by the developers as such, which will help users with Latin and Cyrillic languages less often reach the limit when writing a tweet, which almost does not happen with users of hieroglyphic languages.
On April 10, 2008, James Buck, then a journalism student at Berkeley University, and his translator were arrested in Egypt for photographing anti-government protests. On the way to the police station, Buck was able to pass on the word "arrested" to his 48 correspondents on Twitter. This message was immediately transmitted to the University, the US embassy in Cairo and some media outlets. A lawyer was hired for Buck, and he was released from custody the very next day
The collision of a passenger plane with a flock of birds in January 2009 and then landing in the waters of the Hudson River was not without Twitter. Janis Krum, who was on one of the ferries sailing to help, took a picture of the crashed plane and "tweeted" the image before the media arrived at the scene.
A study by New Scientist magazine confirmed the superiority of Twitter over traditional media. More precisely, the study compared Web 2.0 technologies with the usual media, and microblog gained an advantage for planning activities during rescue operations. For example, the Red Cross in America already uses Twitter to share minute-by-minute information about local events related to the organization's activities.
History
Instagram is a social network based on photo sharing that allows users to take photos, apply filters to them, and distribute them through its service and a number of other social networks. Owned by Meta Platforms. It is one of the most popular services in the art of iPhonography. Instagram photos are square in shape, just like the Kodak Instamatic and Polaroid cameras. While most mobile photo editors use a 3:2 aspect ratio.
The app is compatible with the iPhone, IPad, and IPod specifications running on IOS 4.0 and higher, as well as smartphones running on Android 4,2,2 and higher with OpenGL ES 2 support, and is also available for smartphones running Windows Phone 8 (8.1). It is distributed through the App Store, Google Play, and Windows Marketplace, respectively.
Instagram was developed by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, both from San Francisco, who decided to refocus their Burbn project on mobile photos. The app appeared in the Apple App Store on October 6, 2010.
Shortly after the app was released, Josh Riedel joined the team as a community manager. Shane Sweeney joined the team as an engineer in November 2010, and Jessica Zollman as a community evangelist in August 2011.
In January 2011, hashtags were added to the app to make it easier to find users and photos.
In September 2011, version 2.0 of the app was released, with live filters, instant tilt change, four new filters, high-resolution photos, optional borders, one-click rotation, and an updated icon.
In April 2012, a version of the app for the Android platform was released.
Instagram Facebook announced the purchase of the mobile photo app Instagram for квітня 1 billion on April 9, 2012. Facebook will transfer Facebook 300 million to the owners of the photo service and transfer about 23 million of its shares. In addition, the social network pledged to pay a penalty of Instagram 200 million to Instagram in case of failure of the agreement. Facebook installs 2.5.0 on June 25, which brings Instagram closer integration with Facebook.
In December 2013, the direct messaging service was introduced. In August 2016, Instagram Stories was launched, the prototype of which was Snapchat. Instagram Stories allows you to post photos and videos lasting up to 15 seconds, which will be available for viewing for the next 24 hours. In June 2018, IGTV was launched.
In August 2019, the company's CEO Adam Mosseri said that the platform plans to gradually change the functionality to combat bullying. In particular, artificial intelligence should warn the user that the comment they are going to send may be offensive. Among other things, it is possible to disable public counters of post preferences.
By December 2010, Instagram had 1 million users.
In July 2012, Instagram announced 100 million uploaded photos, in August — about 150 million.
In September 2017, the service had 800 million users, of which 500 million visited the service daily. In June 2018, Instagram's audience reached 1 billion users. Instagram has 20 million users in Iran.
Features and tools
Users can upload photos and short videos, follow other users ' feeds, and view geotagged images with the location name. Users can set up their account as "private", which requires them to approve any new subscription requests. Users can connect their Instagram account to other social media sites, allowing them to share uploaded photos on these sites. In September 2011, the new version of the app included new and active filters, instant tilt-shift, high-resolution photos, optional borders, one-click rotation, and an updated icon. Initially, the photos had a square, 1:1 aspect ratio; since August 2015, the program also supports portrait and widescreen proportions. Previously, users could view a map of a user's photos with geotags. This feature was removed in September 2016, citing low usage.
Since December 2016, messages can be "stored" in a private area of the app. This feature was updated in April 2017 to allow users to organize their saved posts into named collections. Users can also "archive" their posts in private storage, inaccessible to the public and other users. The move was seen as a way to prevent users from deleting photos that don't get the desired number of "likes" or are considered boring, and as a way to limit the "unusual behavior" of deleting photos that deprives the service of content. In August, Instagram announced that it would start organizing comments into topics, allowing users to interact more easily with responses.
Starting in February 2017, you can include up to ten images or videos in a single post, the content of which is displayed as a carousel that you can scroll through. Initially, the feature limited photos to square format, but received an update in August to include portrait and landscape photos instead.
In April 2018, Instagram launched a version of portrait mode called "Focus mode," which gently blurs the background of a photo or video while keeping the subject in focus when selected. In November, Instagram started supporting Alt text to add descriptions of photos for the visually impaired. They are either generated automatically using object recognition (using existing Facebook technology), or manually specified by the upload user.
Hashtags
In January 2011, Instagram introduced hashtags to help users find both photos and each other. Instagram encourages users to make tags specific and relevant, rather than tagging common words like "photos," so that photos stand out and attract like-minded people.
Instagram users have created "trends" using hashtags. Trends that are considered the most popular on the platform often highlight a specific day of the week on which you can post content. Examples of popular trends include # SelfieSunday, where users post a photo of their faces on Sunday; #MotivationMonday, where users post motivational photos on Monday; #TransformationTuesday, where users post photos highlighting differences from the past to the present; # WomanCrushWednesday, in which users post photos of women they are romantically interested in or favorably view, as well as an analog of #ManCrushMonday aimed at men; and #ThrowbackThursday, in which users post a photo from their past highlighting a particular moment.
In December 2017, Instagram started allowing users to follow hashtags that display relevant topic highlights in their feeds.
Explore
In June 2012, Instagram introduced Explore, an in — app tab that displays popular photos, photos taken nearby, and search. The tab was updated in June 2015 to include the most popular tags and places, selected content, and the ability to search for places. Instagram added the "videos you might like" channel to the tab in April 2016, and the "Events" channel in August, which features videos from concerts, sports games, and other live events, followed by the addition of Instagram Stories in October. The Instagram Live tab was later expanded again in November 2016 after the launch of Instagram Live to display an algorithmically prepared page of the "best" videos on Instagram Live that are currently being streamed. In May 2017, Instagram updated the Review tab again to promote publicly available Stories content from nearby locations.
Video
Initially, only photos could be shared, but Instagram later included 15-second video sharing in June 2013. Some saw the app as helping Facebook compete with the popular video sharing app Vine at the time. In August 2015, Instagram added support for large-format videos. In March 2016, Instagram increased the limit from 15 seconds to 60 seconds. The albums were released in February 2017, allowing you to share up to 10 minutes of video in a single post.
IGTV
Instagram launched in June 2018. basic functionality is also available in the Instagram app and on the website. IGTV allows you to upload files up to 10 minutes long with a file size of up to 650 MB, and proven and popular users can upload videos up to 60 minutes long with a file size of up to 5.4 GB. The app automatically starts playing videos as soon as it launches, which CEO Kevin Systrom compared to video hosts, where you need to find the video first.
Reels
In November 2019, it was reported that Instagram began testing a new video feature known as "Reels" in Brazil, and then expanded to France and Germany. In terms of functionality, it is similar to the Chinese video sharing service TikTok, with an emphasis on allowing users to record short videos set to previous audio clips from other publications. Users can create up to 15 seconds of video using this feature. Reels also integrates with existing Instagram filters and editing tools.
In July 2020, Instagram rolled out Reels to India after TikTok was banned in the country. The following month, Reels was officially released in 50 countries, including the US, Canada and the UK. Instagram recently introduced a Reels button on the home page.
Instagram Direct
Instagram announced Instagram Direct, a feature that allows users to interact via private messages, in December 2013. Users who follow each other can send private messages with photos and videos, unlike the public requirement that existed before. When users receive a private message from someone they don't follow, the message is marked as "pending" and the user must accept it to view it. Users can send a photo to a maximum of 15 people. The feature received a major update in September 2015, adding conversation streaming and allowing users to share locations, hashtag pages, and profiles via private messages directly from the news feed. In addition, users can now respond to private messages with text, emoticons, or by tapping the heart icon. The camera inside Direct allows users to take a photo and send it to the recipient without leaving the conversation. A new update in November 2016 allowed users to make their private messages "disappear" after viewing by the recipient, and the sender will receive a notification if the recipient takes a screenshot.
In April 2017, Instagram redesigned Direct to combine all private messages, both permanent and fleeting, into identical message streams. In May, Instagram allowed you to send links to websites in messages, and also added support for sending photos in the original portrait or landscape orientation without cropping.
In April 2020, Direct became available from the Instagram website.
Facebook Instagram Facebook started merging Instagram Direct with Facebook Messenger in August 2020. Facebook Instagram Direct icon turns into a Facebook Messenger icon after the update (which extends to the user base segment).
Instagram Stories
Instagram launched Instagram Stories in August 2016, a feature that lets users take photos, add effects and layers to them, and add them to their Instagram story. Images uploaded to the user's history disappear after 24 hours. The media noted the similarity of the feature to Snapchat. Facebook Instagram is a combination of Hipstamatic, Twitter, and some things from Facebook, such as the Like button. You can trace the roots of every feature that everyone has in their app somewhere in the history of technology. While Systrom found the criticism "fair," Recode wrote that "he compared the two social apps to the automotive industry: multiple car companies can co-exist, with enough differences between them to serve a different audience of consumers." Systrom went on to say that "when we adopted Stories, we decided that one of the really annoying things about the format was that it just kept working and you couldn't stop it to watch something, you couldn't rewind. We did it all, we implemented it." He also told the publication that Snapchat initially did not have filters. They applied filters because Instagram had filters, and many others tried to apply them.
Telegram
Description
Telegram is a multi-platform Cloud Messenger with VoIP functions for smartphones, tablets and PCs, which allows you to exchange text, voice and video messages, stickers and photos, files of many formats. It also has the functions of video and audio calls, organizing video conferences in groups and channels. Telegram client apps are available for Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows, macOS, and GNU / Linux . The number of monthly active users of the service as of January 2021 is about 500 million people. In August 2017, in his Telegram channel, Pavel Durov said that the number of Messenger users is increasing daily by more than 600 thousand.
It was founded in 2013 by Russian brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov.
The project is funded by Pavel Durov in the amount of about США 13 million annually .
In addition to exchanging messages in dialogs and groups, you can store an unlimited number of files in the messenger, maintain channels (microblogs), create and use bots.
Features
File sharing
Sharing photos, videos, and any type of file is supported. An internet search function is available for photos. The file size is limited to 2 GB. The program uses a system for downloading files after a connection is broken.
Group chats
It is possible to organize multi — chats of up to 200 participants, starting from March 14, 2016-supergroups of up to 5000 participants. As of June 17, 2018, chats of up to 100 thousand participants are supported.
Comments
On September 30, 2020, an update to the official Telegram clients was released, where the discussion interface in channels was changed. It resembles a system for commenting on blog posts. In channels linked to a group, there is a button under each post to display the response branch for its automatic copy in this group — comments to the post.
Calls
In March 2017, Telegram's official mobile clients now support voice calls. Initially, the ability to make a call was available to users from Western Europe. It also appeared in those who received a call. Later, this opportunity became available to everyone. In particular, in April 2017, users from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine were able to make calls. In May 2017, call support was added to official desktop clients.
Calls are protected by encryption. The quality of a voice call is automatically adjusted depending on the quality of the user's communication. So, when using the mobile internet, the compression will be slightly higher than when connecting via Wi-Fi.
Video calls were added in 2020. Video calls, like voice calls, support peer-to-peer communication.
Bots
Telegram has a chatbot platform. Bots can perform a variety of tasks, such as searching the internet or government registers, shopping, payments, entertainment, group moderation, and so on. A Telegram user and a third-party computer program participate in communication.
The user can interact with the bot using the Messenger interface elements: sending messages, clicking on commands and buttons, and using inline mode. Telegram provides three ways for the user to interact with the bot: private chat (classic method), Group, and so-called inline mode:
The most common method is private chat. In most cases, the bot cannot initiate a dialog with the user.
Some bots may be members of groups. For example, in groups, a bot can maintain a conversation, moderate a message, or lead a game.
Inline mode resembles the interface of a search engine. The user enters a request starting with a short bot name in the message input field. Then the user can select and send one of the results.
Some bots may be members of channels. In channels, bots are mainly used for scheduled posting of messages. The user interacts with such bots via a private chat or web interface.
The bot interacts with users using the Bot API. Managing bots on the platform is available in the BotFather bot. In particular, you can create a bot there and view or change the API token assigned to it.
In September 2015, Durov announced plans to monetize and place ads in bots.
In November 2020, the ability to run the Bot API on your own server was introduced.
Stickers and masks
Telegram allows you to send static stickers, and from July 6, 2019 — animated ones. Use of any stickers is free of charge. The user's sticker collection initially contains one set — "great minds". For convenience, each sticker has one or more emojis that correspond to the emotions it conveys.
Since May 2015, any user can create their own package of static stickers for free: to do this, you need to start a dialog with the official @Stickers bot and follow the instructions. Starting from July 6, 2019, a similar feature is available for animated stickers.
Sticker packs can be found in numerous channels and websites dedicated to Telegram. Official stickers can be found by entering the corresponding emoji in the message input or sticker search field. Current official stickers appear in the "popular stickers"section.
There are two types of stickers in Telegram — static and animated. Static ones are in PNG format, while animated ones are in TGS format. The package can only contain one type of sticker.
A separate subspecies of static stickers are masks designed for use in the built-in photo editor. Instead of emojis, the mask is linked to the part of the body it is intended for, and based on this, Telegram will try to place the mask on it when inserted into the photo.
Emoji
In official clients, emojis supported by the client are displayed outside of the selection in the Apple style, regardless of the platform. In Telegram Desktop, the user is offered a choice of four emoji display styles: Mac (Apple style), Android, Twemoji, and JoyPixels. Emoji personalization is also available in Telegram X for Android and Unigram.
Telegram for Android and iOS and Telegram Desktop in messages that contain only one emoji show an enlarged, sometimes animated version of this emoji. Some animated emojis have a playable effect when you click on the emoji. If the other person also has a chat open, they will see the effect at the same time as the user, and the user will see the status about viewing the animation.
Survey
The ability to create surveys is available in groups and channels. Surveys can be anonymous or non-anonymous and allow you to select multiple options at the same time.
In August 2020, the Telegram team tested a survey where only users with a Belarusian phone number can vote for certain options. Other users get an error when trying to select one of these options. Clients don't have the ability to create such surveys.
Quizzes
Quizzes are a separate type of survey. Unlike regular surveys, quizzes are always anonymous, allow you to choose only one option, and do not allow you to withdraw your vote. The quiz has one correct answer. You can set the explanatory text that will appear after selecting the answer.
Some other features
Chat archive. Allows you to hide ("archive") any chats in the same section. The user can unzip the chat by returning it to the main chat list. An archived chat is automatically unzipped when you receive a notification.
Saved. The user's chat with themselves is intended for storing individual messages by the user. In place of chat information, shared media files are displayed.
Attaching messages. Available in groups, channels, and "saved". When you join a group, you can additionally send a special notification to all its members. For such notifications, there is a separate "attached messages" setting, regardless of the chat settings. This means that each member will receive such a notification, even if they have disabled notifications from the group.
Formatting text in messages (Bold, Italic, Monospaced, strikethrough, underlined text, code block).
Folders for splitting the chat list. You can flexibly configure them: add individual chats and chat types (contacts, non-contacts, groups, channels, bots) and exceptions (with notifications disabled, archived, read, and individual chats). For example, channels can be placed in the main section, and private chats can be placed in the "Personal"section. You can attach as many chats as you want in the folder. In Telegram Desktop and Telegram for macOS, you can choose one of the icons to choose from for a folder other than the name.
List of references
1) Baron, Naomi S., Always on : language in an online and mobile world, Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-531305-5
2) Cao, Jinwei, Kamile Asli Basoglu, Hong Sheng, and Paul Benjamin Lowry (2015). "A systematic review of social networking research in information systems, " (Communications of the Association for Information Systems vol. 36(1)).
3) Cockrell, Cathy, «Plumbing the mysterious practices of 'digital youth': In first public report from a 'seminal' study, UC Berkeley scholars shed light on kids' use of Web 2.0 tools», UC Berkeley News, University of California, Berkeley, NewsCenter, April 28, 2008
4) Davis, Donald Carrington, «MySpace Isn’t Your Space: Expanding the Fair Credit Reporting Act to Ensure Accountability and Fairness in Employer Searches of Online Social Networking Services», 16 Kan. J.L. & Pub. Pol’y 237 (2007).
5) Else, Liz; Turkle, Sherry. «Living online: I’ll have to ask my friends», New Scientist, issue 2569, September 20, 2006. (interview)
6) Glaser, Mark, Your Guide to Social Networking Online, PBS MediaShift, August 2007