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Problems of post-traumatic stress disorder in our time

Shchur Nina; Slobodyan Iryna

Publishing and Printing Institute

National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
People are constantly risking their lives during wartime. War affects the mental state of both military personnel and civilians. Most citizens of Ukraine have already experienced grief, combat injuries, death of relatives or friends, and other horrors of war.

Combat trauma refers to traumatic incidents associated with warfare. In many cases, the types of traumas faced by military personnel are not significantly different from those faced by civilians.

Not everyone suffers from PTSD in such situations. It is not enough to know what this person has experienced in order to diagnose this disorder. Every person adapts to trauma, grief or loss in a different way. Some of these problems can cause serious health issues. Prolonged stress in most cases appears as symptoms of mental disorder, especially during wartime.

We researched an array of scientific sources and found out that people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may experience some of the symptoms related to functional disorders. For instance:

  • avoidance of social interaction;

  • extensive reaction to stimuli (increased vigilance/anger/irritability) ;

  • frequent mood swings;

  • emotional numbness;

  • dissociation;

  • emotional dysregulation;

  • difficulties in social interaction;

  • low self-esteem.

Scientists from the University of California conducted an experiment using method of the brain neuroimaging. This is the process of recording brain areas that have been activated since the person became aware of grief. They concluded that the experience of grief is related to different parts of the human brain. Which are responsible for the retention of information, the ability to perceive another person's point of view, and the experience of pain.

Grief is not only destructive emotional state. Also, grief is a process of adaptation to life in new circumstances. A person can feel the exact same feelings again, even years after the tragedy. Therefore, psychological help occurs through multiple experiences of grief in the period shortly after the incident. A person begins to feel the emotions associated with traumatic memories in a different way.

A traumatic experience provokes the production of a superfluity of stress hormones, which cause various reactions to a stimulus. For example increased heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and sweating. These symptoms can lead to insomnia, loss of appetite, anxiety, and chronic fatigue.

In an article for Henry Ford Health Care organization, neuropsychologist Janelle Phillips offers strategies that can help ease the pain of loss. Such as:

  • Self-care. Regular exercises, good nutrition, and healthy sleep will help the body and mind recover

  • Rest. After a severe breakdown, person needs to take a break from work and routine, but it is important to control the condition so grief does not worsen.

  • Support. If it is difficult not to think about tragedy, you should try to find people who have gone through similar experiences. They already know how to put up with loss and can share how they cope with it.

  • Keeping a diary. A person may begin to write disturbing memories or nightmares. This method will help the patient become aware of their thoughts, memories and emotions, as well as build new neural connections that will help the one who suffers adapt to life after a loss.

The benefit of the mindfulness system has been found for:

  • improvement of physical health;

  • recovery of mental health.

Mindfulness sessions consist of many activities such as concentration on breathing or sounds and group discussions about the connection between the body and the brain. PTSD can be cured even years after the traumatic experience. It is never too late to start treatment. Before starting therapy, symptoms should be carefully evaluated to determine the severity of the disorder.

References

  1. Kleim, B., Grey, N. (2013). Cognitive change predicts symptom reduction with cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2012-34987-001.html

  2. National Library of Medicine. (2022). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd

  3. Henry Ford Health Staff. (2018). How Coping With Grief Can Affect Your Brain. Retrieved from https://www.henryford.com/blog/2018/06/how-coping-with-grief-can-affect-your-brain

  4. Kutsenko, S. (2022). Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://er.ucu.edu.ua/handle/1/3137

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