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Біохімія.docx

  1. Complete the followingtablebyfilling in transcriptionandtranslation




№
Word
Transcription
Translation

1.
corticosteroid
[,kɔ:tikəu’stiərɔid]
адренокортикостероїди

2.
dilute
[dai’l(j)u:t]
Разводити, розріджувати

3.
drowsiness
[‘draizinəs]
сонливість

4.
predisposition
[,pri:dispə’zi∫n]
cхильність

5.
urinate
[‘juəri’neit]
мочитися

6.
obesity
[əu’bi:siti]
ожиріння

7.
polyuria
[,pɒli’juəriə]
поліурія

8.
polyphagia
[,pɒli’feidʒiə]
поліфагія,периїдання

9.
polydipsia
[,pɒli’dipsiə]
полідипсія,хронічна спрага

10.
fasting
[‘fa:stiŋ]
пост, лікувальне голодування

11.
glucose tolerance
[‘glu:kəus ‘tɔlərəns]
толератність до глюкози

12.
obtain
[əbˈteɪn]
отримувати

13.
ulceration
[,ʌlsə’rei∫ən]
виразковість

14.
essential
[iˈsenʃəl]
необхідність

15.
blurred
[blɜːd]
розмитий

16.
elevation
[ˌelɪˈveɪʃən]
підняття

2. Match the English words with Ukrainian.

  1. b Inadequate

  1. зменшувати

  1. f juvenile

  1. невідповідний

  1. g slow healing

  1. пальці ніг

  1. h response

  1. надлишок

  1. d excess

  1. ліки

  1. c toes

  1. підлітковий, неповнолітній

  1. a reduce

  1. повільне загоювання

  1. e medications

  1. реакція

3. Match the definitions.

  1. c Hyperglicaemia

  1. overall feeling of tiredness or lack of energy

  1. a fatigue

  1. excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine

  1. e blurred vision

  1. high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood

  1. b polyuria

  1. abnormally strong sensation of hunger or desire to eat

  1. h polydipsia

  1. disturbance in a person's eyesight that makes it difficult to see

  1. d polyphagia

  1. should be between 3.9 and 7.1 mmol/L

  1. f blood sugar level

  1. innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye

  1. g retina

  1. excessive thirst or excess drinking

4. Fill in the gaps using the words in italics:

Result from, decrease, present with, caused by, is performed, confirm, lead to, monitored.

1. The condition of the patient is rather grave, and, if left untreated, it may lead to lethal consequences.

2. Gestational diabetes is caused by some hormonal alterations during pregnancy, so, the pregnant woman health condition should be strictly monitored.

3. These symptoms, as a rule, Result from inappropriate nutritional pattern, presumably binge eating and consuming a lot of sweet products.

4. Five patients admitted to the department present with the following complaints: headache, fatigue, generalized swelling and inability to swallow.

5. The reporter admitted overall decrease in incidence of the diabetes mellitus type 1 morbidity in the region.

6. Blood data should be strictly monitored every month, otherwise, hypoglycemic coma may develop.

7. The procedureis performed during 15 minutes and it is absolutely painless.

8. In order toconfirm the diagnosis and exclude the probability of error, repeated tests were required.

5. Agree or disagree with the followings statements.

1. Diabetes mellitus is a homogenous symptom of total hypoglycaemia. False

2. Insulin resistance as well as consumption of excessive sugar products may lead to the diabetes. True

3. Diabetes type 2 usually develops in early childhood. True

4. Polyuria, polydipsia, appetite loss and loss of weight are the peculiar for the diabetes type 2 symptoms. False

5. Type 2 diabetes may develop unmanifested for many years. True

6. Blood fasting sugar test and glucose tolerance tests are two basic diagnostic methods used for suspected diabetes. True

7. Most diabetic complications result from the damage to blood vessels and nerve cells. True

8. Stroke and gangrene are two most common complications of diabetes, this is why people with diabetes should monitor closely their feet for sores and ulcers. True

9. Acute kidney injury is associated with diabetes due to injured renal blood vessels and destruction of the tubules. True

10. Diabetes type 1 is managed by diet, while diabetes type 2- by diet and insulin injections. True

6. Answer the following questions.

1. What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which blood levels of glucose are abnormally high because the body doesn’t release or use insulin adequately.

2. What are the normal blood sugar levels?

Normally they are between 70 and 110 milligrams per deciliter of blood.

3. What are the most common causes of the disease in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

People with this type of disease produce little or no insulin at all. A viral infection, a nutritional factor in childhood or some genetic predisposition cause the immune system to destroy the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

4. When does non-insulin diabetes develop?

When the production of insulin is normal or even at higher than normal levels, but the body develops resistance to its effects, resulting in a relative insulin deficiency.

5. What are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

The sympoms are high level of glucose in the blood, glucose in the urine, polyuria - excessive or an abnormally large production or passage of urine; polydipsia - excessive thirst or excess of drinking; polyphagia - strong sensation of hunger; blurred vision, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea.

6. What are the complications of the disease?

Damage to the heart muscle, damage to the kidney which can lead to chronic renal failure, angina pectoris or myocardial infarction, diabetic retinopathy, gangrene.

7. What are the preventive measures?

There is no known preventive measure for type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented by a person being a normal body weight, physical exercise, and following a healthful diet.

8. What should the daily diet of the person suffering from diabetes be composed of?

People with diabetes mellitus shouldn’t eat too much sweet food and should eat their meals on a regular schedule.

Орієнтовні питання для підготовки до ПК

Answer these questions

1. What types of diabetes mellitus do you know? What are the causes, symptoms, and treatment of both types of diabetes mellitus?

2. What are the complications of diabetes mellitus?

3. What are the risk factors for diabetes for diabetes mellitus?

4. What are the risk factors for diabetes mellitus? How is it possible to prevent it?
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